![]() Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are also significant agents of disease, ranging in severity from mild, self-limited infections of mucosal surfaces, to severe, life threatening dissemination, particularly involving the respiratory tract 4, 5, 6. Adenoviruses have played an invaluable role in the study of human biology current paradigms for RNA splicing and viral oncogenesis are two such examples 1, 2, 3. Adenoviruses, due to their broad tropism and tractability, offer a useful model for studying the molecular evolution of DNA viruses. As a result, understanding viral evolution is vital to predict and prevent future disease outbreaks. Evolution of viral pathogens may lead to altered virulence, enhanced transmission, altered tissue tropisms and striking new disease manifestations. The evolution of any infectious organism represents a complex and dynamic transaction between pathogen and host. Patterns of alternating GC and AT rich motifs correlated well with hypervariable region recombination sites across the HAdV-D genomes, suggesting foci of DNA instability lead to formulaic patterns of homologous recombination and confer agility to adenovirus evolution. Homologous recombination was identified in at least two of five examined hypervariable regions for every virus, suggesting the evolution of HAdV-Ds has been highly dependent on homologous recombination. The mutation rate among HAdV-Ds was low when compared to other HAdV species. Analysis of nucleotide sequence variability for these in conjunction with another 40 HAdV prototypes, comprising all seven HAdV species, confirmed the uniquely hypervariable regions within species. Here we report complete high quality genome sequences and analyses for all the previously unsequenced HAdV serotypes (n = 20) within HAdV species D. The recent emergence of highly virulent human adenoviruses (HAdVs) with new tissue tropisms underscores the need to determine their ontogeny. ![]()
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